Risks assessment of water pollution at estuary area of red river (Vietnam)

This paper determined the state of the water quality in the estuary area of the Red River (Vietnam) and estimated the risk of population health from water pollution. When assessing the merits and demerits of each method, it was established that the generalized indicator of water quality (TWQI), which was first proposed by Pham N.H. in 2011 was more preferable for the conditions of Vietnam. In this paper, the author constructed the formulas for calculating the weight coefficients of the indicators in the classification of water quality in case of 10 selected parameters. Based on the results of the TWQI calculation, it was noted that the quality of surface water in the estuary area of the Red River during the flood of 2016 was in the IIId class, i.e. respectively, the water was contaminated. On the whole territory of the estuary area the average total carcinogenic risk from surface water contamination was 53.10-4, it means that there were 53 additional cases of malignant growth per 10,000 people. The increase in the risk to population health was inversely proportional to the increase in the value of TWQI. The greatest risk was observed in Hanoi and its suburbs, located in close proximity to large industrial areas in the north of Vietnam. (paper)