Electromagnetic fields and cancer: a review of relevant cellular studies

The evidence for cellular effects of exposure to electromagnetic (EM) fields has been reviewed. The cellular responses which may be relevant to carcinogenesis have been briefly identified, and evidence for modulation of these responses by EM field exposure has been discussed. Experimental evidence indicates that EM field exposure does not produce adverse genetic effects and is unlikely to have a direct effect on tumour initiation. There are, however, some reports suggesting that exposure may lead to subtle changes in cell behaviour, including effects on cell division. Such responses could be consistent with an effect at the level of tumour promotion. Furthermore, some reports indicate that EM field exposure may induce alterations in cellular characteristics of a similar nature to those resulting from tumour progression. It is emphasised, however, that available evidence is frequently of poor quality, and falls far short of indicating a definite effect of EM fields on carcinogenesis. (Author)