Nuclear emergency preparedness in Germany - an introduction. Pt. 2. Off-site emergency management

Because of the federal structure of Germany, both the Federal States (Laender) and the Federation (Bund) are involved in the task of off-site emergency management. The States are responsible for the disaster control, which includes measures that prevent acute radiation damage and reduce the risk as the result of high doses, mainly in the near vicinity of nuclear facilities. The Federation is responsible for radiation precaution measures that reduce collective risk. The States have site-related Remote Monitoring Systems for Nuclear Power Plants (KFU) (within ∝ 25 km), whereas the Federation has a nationwide Integrated Measurement and Information System (IMIS). In the event of an accident, the State and Federal Authorities make their decisions and implement the corresponding emergency measures within their domains of task and responsibility. At the same time, there is an exchange of information and coordination of measures between both levels. The States are responsible for the performance of disaster control exercises, and the Federation is responsible for precautionary exercises. (orig.)