Immobilization of high-level liquid wastes: general approaches and methodology of choosing matrix materials and technological procedures of their production

This work discusses experience with a one-stage solidification process using a direct-heating electric furnace to produce phosphate glass on an industrial-scale. The development of a new technology for immobilising liquid radioactive wastes into vitreous and mineral-like compositions employing a two-stage process described as a 'Cold Crucible Induction Melter' is presented as a promising direction in the field of radioactive waste management. This is a compact process which avoids direct contact between melter-material and molten oxide and permits synthesis of compounds with a wide range of compositions involving different melting temperatures. (author)