RuO2-TiO2 mixed oxides prepared from the hydrolysis of the metal alkoxides
- 1. School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST (United Kingdom)
- 2. Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH (United Kingdom)
Description
The hydrolysis of ruthenium alkoxide/titanium tetraethoxide mixtures to gels and powders containing 30-40 mol% Ru was investigated. Basic or neutral conditions led to powders consisting of 2-10 nm diameter crystalline RuO2 nanoparticles embedded in a matrix of crystalline (anatase) and amorphous TiO2. Acid hydrolysis conditions gave gels containing smaller, amorphous RuO2 nanoparticles (1-3 nm). In all samples the RuO2 nanoparticles tended to clump into aggregates up to 0.5 μm across. Acid or neutral hydrolysis of ruthenium ethoxide gave samples which displayed lower surface Ru:Ti ratios as measured by XPS compared to the bulk (XRF), and also contained more low-valent Ru (as measured by XRF), probably due to incomplete hydrolysis of the precursors. These samples also contained more Ru metal after calcination (XRD). Calcination (450 deg. C) was accompanied by Ru-promoted combustion of organic material and led to crystalline (anatase) TiO2 and TixRu1-xO2 solid solution (rutile phase)
Availability note (English)
Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.02.003Additional details
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.02.003;
- PII
- S0254-0584(08)00068-0;
Publishing Information
- Journal Title
- Materials Chemistry and Physics
- Journal Volume
- 110
- Journal Issue
- 2-3
- Journal Page Range
- p. 256-262
- ISSN
- 0254-0584
- CODEN
- MCHPDR
INIS
- Country of Publication
- Netherlands
- Country of Input or Organization
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- INIS RN
- 40019702
- Subject category
- S36: MATERIALS SCIENCE;
- Descriptors DEI
- ACID HYDROLYSIS; ALKOXIDES; CALCINATION; COMBUSTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; POWDERS; RUTHENIUM OXIDES; SOL-GEL PROCESS; SOLID SOLUTIONS; SURFACES; TITANIUM OXIDES; X-RAY DIFFRACTION; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
- Descriptors DEC
- CHALCOGENIDES; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; COHERENT SCATTERING; DECOMPOSITION; DIFFRACTION; DISPERSIONS; ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES; HYDROLYSIS; LYSIS; MIXTURES; NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS; OXIDATION; OXIDES; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; PYROLYSIS; REFRACTORY METAL COMPOUNDS; RUTHENIUM COMPOUNDS; SCATTERING; SOLUTIONS; SOLVOLYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; TITANIUM COMPOUNDS; TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS; X-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS
Optional Information
- Copyright
- Copyright (c) 2008 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.