Liquid time projection chamber

The liquid time projection chamber (TPC), like its gas counterpart, allows three-dimensional imaging of charged particle trajectories by drifting the ionization electron trails in a homogeneous electric field into a readout plane where the arriving charge is amplified and digitized as a function of time. Segmentation of this readout plane provides two transverse coordinates, while the the drift time provides the third coordinate parallel to the electric field. This principle is shown in the case of our two-dimensional liquid argon TPC. The collected charge provides energy and/or dE/dX information, and many of the TPC liquids are also excellent scintillators. Since the liquid TPC is totally sensitive and it can be very massive, it may be an ideal detector for experiments searching for rare decays, e.g. nucleon decay, νν-decay, etc., or in neutrino experiments at accelerators, meson factories, reactors, as well as with solar or cosmic ray neutrinos. In these cases, the detector medium is either the source or the target of the investigated process