Enhanced mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through complexation of selenium/titanium nanocomposites

The main target of this work was to explore the proliferative impact of selenium dioxide nanoparticles (SeO₂) and selenium dioxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposites (Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III)) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For this purpose, SeO₂ and Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III) were prepared by facile one step method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) with reference to SeO₂ nanoparticles. Also, MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (ADSCs), propagated and characterized by flow cytometry. Thereafter, the proliferative effect of the fabricated nanomaterials was investigated by MTT assay. The TEM and DLS results, revealed that the average particle size of the suggested nanomaterials was in nanoscale. XRD pattern showed well crystalline structure for SeO₂ nanoparticles and Se/Ti (I), (II) and (III) nanocomposites; the decreasing of the crystalline phase was observed by increasing the wt% of TiO₂. The designed nanomaterials showed proliferative effects on MSCs with the most prominent effect exerted by 2 µg/ml of Se/Ti (III) and 5 µg/ml of Se/Ti (II) for ADSCs and 20 µg/ml of Se/Ti (II) and 10 µg/ml of Se/Ti (III) for BM-MSCs. Therefore, these newly designed nanomaterials have a promising influence on MSCs proliferation and they are recommended to be utilized in the filed of tissue engineering.