Dynamic modelling of reversible solid oxide cells for grid stabilization applications

Highlights: • Model of rSOC system was proposed, developed and used. • Experimental data were used for validation of the model. • Dynamic analysis of rSOC coupled with intermittent sources was completed. • Limiting parameters of a real rSOC stack were used as constraints in the modelling. In this work, dynamic modelling of a system based on a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) is developed so that it can be integrated with the grid for power balancing. The focus of this work is on the dynamic operation of a system, which is investigated using representative profiles of wind electricity production. In addition, the effect and challenges of dynamic operation on the system and stack itself are studied. Detailed operation strategies are defined during the switching process from one operational mode to another and are implemented on the dynamic process model. Simulation results show that when the rSOC system is operated in solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) modes alternatively, energy balancing can be implemented on a continuous basis. In this process, the results show that the rSOC system operates in a safe operating range and does not deviate from the pre-defined limits. This is due to the accurate strategies developed for the switching process. It is also observed from the simulation results that the switching time is significantly influenced by the initial power of the first and the final power of the later operational mode. The proposed model of rSOC was validated using experimental data, and good agreement with experimental data was demonstrated.