Up-conversion photoluminescence characteristics of Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses

Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+co-doped borosilicate glasses are prepared. Their strong up-conversion photoluminescence spectra in a range from ultra-violet to near-infrared, which are excited by a 978-nm laser diode, are measured, and the mechanisms of energy transfer among Yb3+, Er3+ and Tm3+ ions are discussed. The results show that there is an unexpected wavelength at 900-nm emission from Yb3+ Stark splitting levels to pump Tm3+ ions and there exists an optimum pump power. The concentration of the Tm3+ dopant gives rise to a prominent effect on the intensity of visible and near-infrared emissions for the Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)