Characteristics of the nuclear magnetic resonance logging response in fracture oil and gas reservoirs

Fracture oil and gas reservoirs exist in large numbers. The accurate logging evaluation of fracture reservoirs has puzzled petroleum geologists for a long time. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging is an effective new technology for borehole measurement and formation evaluation. It has been widely applied in non-fracture reservoirs, and good results have been obtained. But its application in fracture reservoirs has rarely been reported in the literature. This paper studies systematically the impact of fracture parameters (width, number, angle, etc), the instrument parameter (antenna length) and the borehole condition (type of drilling fluid) on NMR logging by establishing the equation of the NMR logging response in fracture reservoirs. First, the relationship between the transverse relaxation time of fluid-saturated fracture and fracture aperture in the condition of different transverse surface relaxation rates was analyzed; then, the impact of the fracture aperture, dip angle, length of two kinds of antennas and mud type was calculated through forward modeling and inversion. The results show that the existence of fractures affects the NMR logging; the characteristics of the NMR logging response become more obvious with increasing fracture aperture and number of fractures. It is also found that T2 distribution from the fracture reservoir will be affected by echo spacing, type of drilling fluids and length of antennas. A long echo spacing is more sensitive to the type of drilling fluid. A short antenna is more effective for identifying fractures. In addition, the impact of fracture dip angle on NMR logging is affected by the antenna length.