Quarks and their studying at high energies. Part 1

Gauge theory (GT) of strong interactions (chromodynamics (CD)) and its application in calculation of the processes at high energies are considered. The paper is based on the lectures delivered by the author in FIAS in 1977-78. The primary purpose of the paper is to give a possibly brief and available but at the same time a systematic introduction into the subject. The first part of the paper is a comparatively elementary introductory one. Initial data on leptons and quarks and the results necessary for further consideration and dealing with weak and electromagnetic interactions are presented. The basic GT statements on strong quark interactions and the expected qualitative consequences are set forth. Considered are data on the quarks which can be obtained by studying lepton annihilation. Data on new heavy quarks and mesons produced by them are briefly reported. Considered are the processes with high momentum transfer where quarks manifest themselves as weak-interacting point constituents of hadrons (partons). It is shown how the data on quark characteristics and their distribution in hadrons may be obtained according to these processes