To semi-centenary anniversary of discovering the Schwinger scattering and starting the first works on neutron polarizability

The theory of neutron Schwinger scattering was proposed and developed by Schwinger in 1948, but despite multiple efforts, the experimental discovery of this phenomenon was made eight years later. Currently, Schwinger scattering should be accounted for in many precise neutron experiments, for example, while studying the electromagnetic interaction of neutrons with nuclei. By means of Schwinger scattering it is possible to measure the degree of polarization of the initial beam even at particle energies of 1 GeV order. The concept of neutron polarizability was introduced as additional natural phenomenon indicating the nucleon space structure after the first Hofstadter's experiments (1953-1954). The neutron polarizability was detected in a small-angle neutron scattering experiment in 1957. However, the serious contradiction between the results obtained in megaelectronvolt and kiloelectronvolt neutron energy ranges was explained only in 2001. It is also shown that existent small-angle neutron experiments at megaelectronvolt energy by heavy nuclei do not confirm the idea of (n+3)-dimensional gravity