From laser fusion to laser accelerators: basic studies into high power laser plasmas

High power laser beams are unique in concentrating energy both in space and time. They can convert dense matter into plasma of extreme energy density. Here I shall focus on two outstanding applications. Laser fusion relies on isentropic compression of nuclear fuel by convergent hydrodynamic flow, and I discuss the gas dynamics underlying ignition. Laser accelerators depend on relativistic laser plasma interaction, generating non-neutral plasmas and accelerating fields in the range of TV m-1. Self-organizing plasma structures such as channels and bubbles drive intense particle beams. Such beams may allow for fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion.