Investigating the role of vacancies on the thermoelectric properties of EuCuSb-Eu${}_2$ZnSb${}_2$ alloys

AMX compounds with the ZrBeSi structure tolerate a vacancy concentration of up to 50 % on the M-site in the planar MX-layers. Here, we investigate the impact of vacancies on the thermal and electronic properties across the full EuCu${}_{1-x}$Zn${}_{0.5x}$Sb solid solution. The transition from a fully-occupied honeycomb layer (EuCuSb) to one with a quarter of the atoms missing (EuZn${}_{0.5}$Sb) leads to non-linear bond expansion in the honeycomb layer, increasing atomic displacement parameters on the M and Sb-sites, and significant lattice softening. This, combined with a rapid increase in point defect scattering, causes the lattice thermal conductivity to decrease from 3 to 0.5 W mK${}^{-1}$ at 300 K. The effect of vacancies on the electronic properties is more nuanced; we see a small increase in effective mass, large increase in band gap, and decrease in carrier concentration. Ultimately, the maximum zT increases from 0.09 to 0.7 as we go from EuCuSb to EuZn${}_{0.5}$Sb. (© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH)