Electronic structure of a graphene superlattice with a modulated Fermi velocity

The electronic structure of a graphene superlattice composed by two periodic regions with different Fermi velocity, energy gap and electrostatic potential is investigated by using an effective Dirac-like Hamiltonian. It must be expected that the change of the Fermi velocity in one region of the graphene superlattice is equivalent to changing the width of this region keeping the Fermi velocity unchanged, provided that the time taken to charge carriers cross the region is the same. However, it is shown here that these two systems are not equivalent. We found extra Dirac points induced by the periodic potential and their location in the k space. It is shown that the Fermi velocity modulation breaks the symmetry between the electron and hole minibands and that it is possible to control the behavior of the extra Dirac points. The results obtained here can be used in the fabrication of graphene-based electronic devices. - Highlights: • The effects of a Fermi velocity modulation on the electronic structure of a graphene superlattice. • Different ways of controlling the behavior of extra Dirac points in graphene superlattice. • Control of the energy bandgap in graphene