Nuclear power in the Czech Republic

The following topics related to nuclear power in the Czech Republic are dealt with. (1) Nuclear power plants. The Dukovany NPP is undergoing a process of comprehensive operational safety re-evaluation, with a view to deciding on the scope of the necessary backfitting. In addition, the economic parameters of the plant should be improved by transition to a four-year reactor cycle. The Dukovany will also have to begin load-following operation as a logical step after the Temelin NPP is started up. (2) The nuclear fuel cycle. The following facts are relevant in this respect: (i) Uranium mining is being reduced substantially. (ii) Nuclear fuel will be supplied by 2 different suppliers. (iii) Dry casks will be used for spent fuel storage. A central interim spent fuel storage facility will be commissioned in 2003. (iv) A spent fuel repository will be operational by 2030. (3) Nuclear legislation. Czech nuclear legislation is based on laws adopted in the 1970s and 1980s, which were based on IAEA recommendations. The main shortcomings include (i) lack of nuclear liability provisions, and (ii) lack of provisions for financing and responsibility for the nuclear fuel cycle back-end. A new Nuclear Act is currently under preparation. (4) Preconditions for a safe operation of NPPs. The four sectors involved, viz. operator, regulatory body, research base, and nuclear industry, are discussed. (5) External costs of energy production. (6) Nuclear disarmament consequences. (7) Nuclear energy for the next century. (8) Nuclear centres in OECD countries. (9) Activities of the Nuclear Research Institute in Rez. (P.A.). 2 tabs