Polarized emission from nano-emitters; plasmonic excitation on a metallic surface

The emission features of a single emitter embedded in a nano-structure are closely related to the local environment parameters, as well as to the orientation of the dipole itself. In order to maximize the coupling of fluorescent emitters to nanostructures, we established a model to determine the 3D-orientation of an emitting dipole. I developed an analytic description of a method which allows a measurement of a single dipole orientation to be performed, in various experimental configurations. I then applied this method to colloidal semiconductor nano-crystals (spherical CdSe/CdS and CdSe/ZnS nano-crystals and CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods). By using a polarization analysis, I determined the 3D-orientation of a single emitting dipole. This study led us to the particular conclusion that the emitting dipole associated to a dot-in-rod is not aligned with the elongated axis of the dot-in-rod. In a second part, I studied the coupling between light to surface plasmons modes using periodic metallic gratings. Specular reflectivity measurements highlighted an efficient coupling between the incident visible light and surface plasmons polaritons for a large range of wavelengths. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) measurements, based on the collection of photo-emitted electrons on the surface of the sample, allowed the coupling of light to plasmonic modes to be investigated with a high spatial resolution (25 nm). The sample is excited by a laser tunable in polarization and wavelength, providing a map of the electric field on the surface. The samples showed two different signatures of a coupling to plasmonic modes (interference fringes and hot spots). (author)