Radioactivity concentrations in some industrial ores and their waste products by gamma spectrometry

Some industries as cement, ceramic and phosphate fertilizer production use raw materials containing low concentrations of natural radioactivity, which concentrate and release radionuclides with enhanced concentrations to the environment. NORM wastes produced annually in huge amounts could reach levels so high that the existing low level radioactive waste (LLRAW) facilities would be readily occupied, if controlled disposal procedures were not adopted. Also NORM wastes may be used as raw materials in other industries especially in building and construction industries. Complete information's about NORM wastes are not enough in key industries. In this article raw materials in cement industry (raw meal), ceramic ore (kaolinite) and ceramic glaze (bauxite) as well as phosphate, and also waste products in cement industry (klinker and dust), and phosphogypsum were analyzed by high resolution gamma spectrometry to evaluate the natural radionuclide contents in such samples