Hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic properties of geothermal fields of Kizildere and its vicinity

Kizildere, Tekkehamam, Yenice, Goelemezli and Pamukkale geothermal areas are located in the Eastern part of the continental rift zone of the Bueyuek Menderes. The basement rocks in the study area are composed of metamorphic rocks of Menderes Massif. The geothermal waters in Goelemezli, Tekkehamam, Yenice and Pamukkale display the features of non-equilibrium waters whereas Kizildere indicates features of partly equilibrium waters. Kizildere, Yenice and Tekkehamam indicate deep-circulated meteoric waters and attribute to water-rock interaction. Although Pamukkale and Goelemezli geothermal waters have low temperatures which show intensively mixing with groundwaters in a shallow reservoir. It is suggested that there is good correlation between δ18O and δ2H in geothermal waters of the continental rift zone of the Bueyuek Menderes. Thus, according to δ18O/δ2H, there is intensively water-rock interaction depending upon increasing temperatures. The Pamukkale and Goelemezli geothermal areas have low temperatures and high 3H values. It is obviously that there is a poor water-rock interaction due to intensively mixing groundwaters