Fluid–structure interactions modeling the venous valve

In this study, a fully coupled fluid–structure interaction computational model for a pulsatile flow in the venous valve was developed. An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation is used in the coupled model, considering two domains, specifically the blood flow and the valve leaflets. The effect of the gap width between the valve leaflets (venous valve incompetence) on the valve reverse flow (reflux) has been investigated. (paper)