Scalar-field models of dark energy: properties observational constraints

The properties of quintessential and phantom scalar fields with barotropic equation of state, their effect on dynamics of expansion and formation of large scale structure of the Universe are studied. The best-fit parameters of cosmological and dark energy models are estimated of the basis of current observational data. The ability of quintessential and phantom scalar fields to fit the key observational data with nearly the same accuracy is demonstrated.The possibilities to distinguish between cosmological models with different types of dark matter and dark energy are discussed for the data of current galaxy sky surveys, the measurements of CMB anisotropies and the tomography of Dark Ages in the line 21 cm of neutral Hydrogen