Investigation on luminescence enhancement and decay characteristics of long afterglow nanophosphors for dark-vision display applications

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Synthesis and structural characterization has been performed on long afterglow SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ nanophosphor having afterglow time of ∼12 h. • Studied the effect of various fuels used for synthesis of nanophosphors on the decay and luminescence characteristics. Interestingly, afterglow times varied significantly with different fuels used for the synthesis of the nanophosphor. • Excitation by different illuminants has profound influence on the luminescence intensity and afterglow times of the synthesized nanophosphor. • Such studies could be guidelines for appropriate usage of nanophosphor under different lighting environment. - Abstract: Long afterglow SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ nanophosphors were synthesized via a facile but effectual auto-combustion technique followed by post-annealing treatment at elevated temperatures. The influence of various fuels during synthesis and thereafter improvement in the luminescence decay characteristics under various illuminant irradiations of long afterglow nanophosphors have been reported. Extensive studies on structural, morphological and luminescent properties of the as-synthesized afterglow nanophosphors have been presented. Powder X-ray diffraction studies confirm the presence of high-purity, single-phase monoclinic nanophosphors. HRTEM investigations confirm the formation of nanophosphors of particle size less than 50 nm. Photoluminescence emission is attributed to the characteristic d–f transition (4f⁶5d¹→4f⁷) of Eu²⁺ ions and was positioned at 512 nm. As-synthesized nanophosphors exhibit considerable confinement effects resulting into blue shift in emission maxima as compared to their bulk counterparts. The mechanism underlined for long afterglow has been discussed using trapping–detrapping model. The nanophosphor being multifunctional finds many interesting applications including dark-vision display, energy storage, fingerprint detection, in vivo and in vitro biological staining, etc