Energy losses in crystalline and amorphous solids in the intermediate energy region

Using the classical theory for two moving charged particles the electronic stopping power of amorphous and random oriented crystalline solids is calculated. It is shown that in the intermediate energy region, where the stopping is maximized, motion of the target electrons must be considered. The specific problems of energy losses in crystals are discussed and directional effects are taken into account. Calculated values of the stopping power agree well with experimental results for protons in the random as well as in the channeling regime. (author)