Measurement Albedo Coefficient For Land Cover (Lc) And Land Use (Lu), Using Remote Sensing Techniques, A Study Case: Fallujah City

Albedo tests the total surface reflectance, offering plenty of useful details on the environment and a deeper understanding of the balance of environment features. Yet usually different sunlight wavelengths are not reflected equally, resulting in a variable surface color and variations in the absorption of certain wavelengths due to changes in the surfaces physical or chemical characteristics. Surface albedo differences can be measured using radiometers, or by using the general equation to extract the value of the albedo for surfaces if all the variables are available. Every space agency uses this equation according to its measured wavelengths. So, the general equation of the satellite landsat was chosen to extract the values of albedo. Surface whiteness is a modulus, and it represents a portion of the incident sunlight reflected by the surface of any feature, and the surface absorbs radiation that is not reflected. The study examined the effect of albedo on the climate of Fallujah and the thermal composition of that urban area. The study used a method that combines remote sensing and geographic information systems to achieve this. Basic samples representing the ten landmarks of Fallujah were taken, the coordinates of these points were measured, and simulated with the satellite images of Landsat 7 and 8 and the sensor (ETM +, OLI) to find the wavelengths of reflectance of these features. When applying the general equation, the albedo values were shown as follows (Buildings with a value of 0.19, Streets with a value of 0.20, Rivers and canals with a value of 0.16, Sand plains with a value of 0.16, River islands with a value of 0.16, Low density arable land with a value of 0.18, High density arable land with a value of 0.15, Gravel land and its value. 0.23, Industrial areas with a value of 0.20, Abandoned land and saline, a value of 0.21). (paper)