Copper electroplating from vanadate- and molybdate-containing electrolytes with suspended titanium dioxide

The coatings with the copper matrix, deposited from the sulfate electrolyte, modified by the vanadate- or molybdate ions addition or by highly-dispersed titanium dioxide powder are studied. The additions increase the coatings thermal stability. The above-mentioned ions produce depolarization effect on the copper cathode separation and inhibit the TiO2 dispersive phase co-deposition. The molybdate ions in certain concentration increase the coatings shine. They are reduced up to the Mo-compounds of lower oxidation grade. The effect of the above ions on the pHs by the copper electrodeposition is studied. Certain increase in the pH of the cathodic layer is shown by availability of both the molybdate ions and titanium dioxide