Use and performance of graphite and metal ISSECs in tokamak fusion reactors

The ISSEC (Internal Spectral Shifter and Energy Converter) concept is expanded to the area of high temperature refractory metals. The effects are studied in a cylindrical geometry blanket model and the effects of breeding tritium are included. The more realistic mechanical and heat transfer design characteristics of ISSECs are dealt with. A description of the way the calculations were carried out is given and the model blanket design used is presented. The way various ISSECs affect the 316 SS first structural wall radiation damage parameters is shown. The effects of ISSECs on the parameters characterizing the whole blanket, e.g., tritium breeding ratio, energy multiplication, radioactivity are outlined. The radiation damage inside the ISSECs themselves is elaborated on. How an ISSEC might mechanically be constructed is investigated, as well as the associated heat transfer and stress problems. Some other considerations that might affect the choice of an ISSEC material are detailed, such as: cost and availability, vacuum properties, chemical activity, sputtering, and thermal shock properties