A Variable Directional Coupler for an Alternate ILC High-Power RF Distribution Scheme

We describe the design and functionality of an RF directional coupler for which the power division between the output ports is mechanically variable. In an alternate power distribution scheme for the ILC, power is delivered to cavities in pairs, through hybrids. Four pairs, or eight cavities, are fed from one waveguide feed, from which one fourth, one third, and one half of the power is coupled out at consecutive directional couplers. Three such feeds are powered by a single 10 MW klystron. Experience suggests that cavities considered useable will display some variation in the operational accelerating gradient they can sustain. With fixed distribution, the klystron power must be kept below the level at which the weakest cavity out of 24 receives its power limit. This problem can be solved by installing variable attenuators, but that means wasting precious power. With adjustable coupling, distribution can be optimized for more efficient use both of available power and of the accelerating cavities. This novel device, feeding cavities paired by similar performance, can provide such benefit to the ILC