Achievements of neutron physics

The history of neutron physics (NP) development is reviewed. The role of NP in solving fundamental problems of nuclear physics nuclear power engineering and nuclear technology (NT) is shown. The discovery of the neutron marked the science entry into the nuclear epoch, a decisive change from the quantum atomic theory to the quantum field and elementary particle theories. A wide range of problems in the scope of the NP is related with the range of energies used in neutron experiments (from 10-10 eV to 1010 eV). Basic neutron properties, differences in electromagnetic neutron- and proton structures are considered. Discussed are: the problems of neutron electric dipole moment existence, neutron β-decay, neutron reactions on nuclei, P-parity nonconservation in weak interactions. The NP achievement during the last 25 years contributed to the development of its applied branches in nuclear engineering (NE) and NT. A list of available neutron data necessary for the NE and NT development is presented. New investigations in the field of the nuclear theory and the statistical theory of neutron reactions are discuss