Path integral formulation of the tunneling dynamics of a superfluid Fermi gas in an optical potential

To describe the tunneling dynamics of a stack of two-dimensional fermionic superfluids in an optical potential, we derive an effective action functional from a path integral treatment. This effective action leads in the saddle point approximation to equations of motion for the density and the phase of the superfluid Fermi gas in each layer. In the strong coupling limit (where bosonic molecules are formed) these equations reduce to a discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation, where the molecular tunneling amplitude is reduced for large binding energies. In the weak coupling (BCS) regime, we study the evolution of the stacked superfluids and derive an approximate analytical expression for the oscillation frequency of the center of mass in an external harmonic potential. In both the weak and intermediate coupling regimes, the detection of the Josephson oscillations described by our path integral formalism constitutes experimental evidence for the fermionic superfluid regime