Ramses 2021. At the Edge?

Written by Ifri's research team and external experts, this book offers an in-depth and up-to-date analysis of geopolitics in today's world. In 'Perspectives', the opening section of RAMSES 2021, Thierry de Montbrial, founder and Executive Chairman of Ifri, provides an analysis of the state of global affairs. Three main questions are treated in the second section, 'Trois enjeux pour 2021': - Global Health/Climate: COVID-19, what now?: The coronavirus is emblematic of globalization: no one controls or masters its spread. Who is governing? There is no specific governance for such global matters as health, environment, information... - Europe: redo or undo: As usual, reviews of the European Union are mixed: pale but decisive, unavoidable. Should it be redone or undone? Should Europe think of itself as a political project or subsist as a mere safety net: these are options facing the Conference on the Future of Europe. - Middle East: 10 years after the false spring: The post-spring decade and the coronavirus crisis go side by side: reinforcement of control over civil societies, growing weight of authoritarian regimes, meltdown of the global economy, and an important division of societies in rebellion. The third section, 'Le Monde en questions', offers a thorough study of recent conflicts, strategies, and important international negotiations. The final section, 'Les Reperes', presents a mix of statistics, timelines and original maps. Two papers have been selected for INIS, one from section 2 treats of the stakes of a sustainable electrification in sub-Saharan Africa while the other deals with petroleum and Saudi Arabia