The vacuum state of quantum gravity contains large virtual masses

In the functional integral approach to quantum gravity, the quantum configurations are usually treated to order ℎ through a stationary phase approximation around the saddle point of the action where spacetime is flat. We show that from this point a 'level line' in functional space departs, which comprises a family of static non-flat metrics with zero scalar curvature, depending on a continuous mass parameter. Furthermore, each of these metrics can be perturbed by an arbitrary function in such a way to still satisfy the condition √g(R)d4x=0. We thus find a set of zero-modes of the gravitational action which has non-vanishing measure in the functional space. These metrics will contribute to the functional integral as vacuum fluctuations, on the same footing as those near the saddle point