Grain-boundary phases in hot-pressed silicon nitride containing Y2O3 and CeO2 additives

Auger electron spectroscopy in conjunction with X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the grain-boundary phases of Y2O3- and CeO2-doped Si3N4 hot-pressed materials in order to demonstrate that the additives concentrate predominantly in the grain boundaries of Si3N4 in the form of various oxynitride phases. A high oxygen content observed in sample fracture surfaces was found to be consistent with the existence of an oxygen-enriched phase in the grain boundaries. The presence of yttrium and cerium in the fracture surfaces and an overall increase in the O/N ratio imply that the additive oxides are predominantly concentrated in the intergranular phases