Laser induced breakdown spectrometry

The basic principles of laser induced breakdown (emission) spectrometry (Libs) for the determination of metals in solids will be presented. A description of the instrumentation including laser, sample chamber and detection system, will be followed by a discussion on fundamental studies. This will include the effect of laser parameters of irradiation wavelength and energy, physical properties of the sample material, and ambient conditions. The importance of time-resolution will be stressed with appropriate examples. The application of Libs for metal determination to showcase its greatest potential over similar techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (Icp-Aes) and graphite furnance atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) will include remote sensing, detection in a hostile environment, in complex matrices, and under water.