Global Simulations of the Vertical Shear Instability with Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamic Effects

The mechanisms of angular momentum transport and the level of turbulence in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are crucial for understanding many aspects of planet formation. In recent years, it has been realized that the magneto-rotational instability tends to be suppressed in PPDs due to nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, and the disk is primarily laminar with accretion driven by magnetized disk winds. In parallel, several hydrodynamic mechanisms have been identified that likely also generate vigorous turbulence and drive disk accretion. In this work, we study the interplay between MHD winds in PPDs with the vertical shear instability (VSI), one of the most promising hydrodynamic mechanisms, through 2D global nonideal MHD simulations with ambipolar diffusion (AD) and ohmic resistivity. For typical disk parameters, MHD winds can coexist with the VSI with accretion primarily wind-driven accompanied by vigorous VSI turbulence. The properties of the VSI remain similar to the unmagnetized case. The wind and overall field configuration are not strongly affected by the VSI turbulence, showing a modest level of variability and corrugation of the midplane current sheet. Weak AD strength or the enhanced coupling between gas and magnetic fields weakens the VSI. The VSI is also weakened with increasing magnetization, and characteristic VSI corrugation modes transition to low-amplitude breathing mode oscillations with strong magnetic fields.