Possible beneficial ponderomotive force effects on fast-wave coupling in tokamaks

At lower-hybrid frequencies in tokamaks, ponderomotive forces at fast-wave launching typically lead in the the vicinity of the launching structure to a boundary plasma density increase. This results in a decrease in the reflection coefficient, and, in detached plasmas, to the appearance of a local electric field maximum at several centimetres from the launching grill structure; this electric field maximum is connected to the reversal of the plasma density gradient near the grill mouth because of ponderomotive force effects. (author)