Theoretical and measured electron-density distributions at high altitudes

A viscous shock-layer analysis has been developed and applied to the calculation of nonequilibrium-flow species distributions in the plasma layer of a blunt-nosed vehicle at high altitudes. The theoretical electron-density results obtained are in good agreement with those measured in flight for a hemisphere-9 cone entry vehicle. The flight measurements were obtained using electrostatic probes that protruded well into the shock layer. In addition, the theoretically obtained heavy-particle translational temperatures appear to agree fairly well with the electron temperatures that were measured in the flight experiments using voltage-swept thin-wire electrostatic probes. The influence of the reaction-rate coefficients on the calculated electron densities has been assessed and shown to be within the uncertainty in the flight data. The theoretical results demonstrate the importance of including in the chemical model the positive ions N2 + , O2 + , N + , and O + , in addition to NO + , for the high altitudes and velocities considered here.