Duplex Color Doppler Sonogram of the Orbital Diseases

To evaluate the clinical significance of the color Doppler ultrasound at glaucoma and diseases associated with intraocular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vessel occlusion, and other ocular diseases. We performed color Doppler ultrasound in 194 eyes of the 121 patients consisting of 62 normal, 46 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 27 ocular hypertension (OH), 14 normotensive glaucoma (NTG), 13 secondary glaucoma (SG), 13 proliferating diaetic retinopathy (PDR), 10 central retinal venous obstruction (CRVO),5 retinal detachment, and 4 others. The ophthalmic artery flow velocity was measured with the real time Doppler ultrasound using 5∼10 MHz linear probe. Sample volume size ranged from 1 to 1.5 mm. Angle corrections were selected below 60 degree. Results were statistically analyzed with paired t-test. Mean peak systolic velocities in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries among 62 normal eyes were 36.4 ± 1 cm / sec and 5.9 ±0.3 cm / sec. Mean peak systolic velocities were 32.4 ± 2 cm / sec in the POAG, 35.9 ± 2 cm / sec in OH, 32.9 ±4 cm / sec in the NTG, 42.6 ± 3 cm / sec in the PDR, 36.4 ± 3 cm / sec in the SG, and 35.2 ± 3 in the CRVO. Innormal subjects, mean peak systolic velocity in ophthalmic artery was decreased with increasing age but no statistically significant difference was seen with Paired t-test. Comparing flow velocities between the normal and the glaucomatous lesions showed statistically no significant difference for mean peak systolic velocity. No significant difference was noted between right and left eyes but significant difference between male and female patients with Paired t-test. Mean resistive indices were 0.73 in ophthalmic artery and 0.65 in central retinal artery. Mean sample volume settings were 3.1 cm in depth for ophthalmic artery and 2.7 cm in depth for centralretinal artery. Color Doppler ultrasonogram of the orbit could diagnose the carotid cavernous fistula and the retinal detachment correctly. There was no significant difference between normal and glaucomatous lesions at the speed of the ophthalmic artery and the central retinal artery statistically. Normal values of the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries are considered to be very useful