A comparative study of optical vanadium antimony borate glass doped with spinel ferrite using structural, spectral, and electrical measurements

Recently glass composition with magnetic material nanoparticles has attracted a lot of interest by studying different compositions and ratios, which can be useful in controlling the composition's electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. In our study, borate oxide glasses were prepared using melt-quench technique with composition samples is (50-x) B${}_2$O${}_3$ + 50 Sb${}_2$O${}_3$ + x V${}_2$O${}_5$ encoded into [BSV glass system] where x = (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 wt.%). Nickel ferrite was also prepared using Flash auto-combustion and mixed with the glass matrix to form a BSV composite glass system. These glasses were investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopic, different dielectric properties, and Fourier transform infrared. Further results show the cubic spinel structure of Nickel ferrite in XRD, and the particle size obtained from TEM images agrees with the size calculated from XRD at 25.52 nm. TEM of BSV glass system gives that the V${}_2$O${}_5$ nanoparticle was grown inside the borate glass matrix homogenous in the form of nanorods. It shows that the relaxation peaks shift toward lower frequency, and the conductivity increase by increasing vanadium oxide content in the BSV glass system. The ratio of the V${}_2$O${}_5$ content to the ferrite content determines the impact of ferrite addition to the glass matrix on the electrical properties. By comparing the dielectric constant for the same sample with and without ferrite, the dielectric properties increase for increased V${}_2$O${}_5$ concentration.