Evaluation of structural and multifunctional properties of BaTiO${}_3$-NiFe${}_{2-x}$Sm${}_x$O${}_4$ ceramic composites

In this paper, the multi-phase ceramic composites, consisting of dielectric barium titanate BaTiO${}_3$ (BTO) and rare-earth-doped magnetic spinel ferrite NiFe${}_{2-x}$Sm${}_x$O${}_4$ (NFSO) with x = 0.00, 0.10, and 0.20 were synthesized through solid-state route. The structure of the prepared samples has been examined through XRD. The results indicate the occurrence of both perovskite (BaTiO${}_3$) and spinel (NiFe${}_{2-x}$Sm${}_x$O${}_4$) phases in the prepared composites.The magnetic as well as dielectric properties of the prepared samples were investigated and P-E hysteresis loops were recorded at various voltages. It has been found that the higher Sm concentration composite exhibits high dielectric permittivity (~ 9200) along with high remnant polarization (0.54 µC/cm${}^2$) and low saturation magnetization (12 emu/g) at room temperature. The analysis showed that the ferrite phase (NFS0) has influenced the magnetic properties and dielectric response of BaTiO${}_3$ material.