Measuring the multifunctional properties of ${\mathrm{MoS}}_2$ across the amorphous-crystalline transition using colorimetric sensing

Molybdenum disulfide (${\mathrm{MoS}}_2$) is a next-generation semiconductor and is frequently integrated into emergent optoelectronic technologies based on two-dimensional materials. Here, we present a method that provides direct optical feedback on the thickness and crystallinity of sputter-deposited ${\mathrm{MoS}}_2$ down to the few-layer regime. This colorimetric sensing enables tracking the material's functional properties, such as excitonic response, sheet resistance, and hardness across the amorphous-crystalline transition. To illustrate the potential of such feedback-controlled fabrication, we realized ${\mathrm{MoS}}_2$-based hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) with controllable optical topological transitions and hardness.