Verification of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in superconductors by use of a toroidal flux geometry

Predictions made by Aharonov and Bohm concerning the effects of electromagnetic potentials on electrons in field-free regions of space, have been demonstrated in superconductors with the use of the flux produced by a very fine toroidal solenoid. The use of a toroidal geometry sidesteps the objections raised by Roy concerning the use of sources of flux with linear geometries. The use of superconductors excludes the possibility that stray electrons can pass through the flux-filled region of space to produce the observed phenomena