Ablation characteristics of special concrete due to an impinging zirconium-dioxide melt jet

Highlights: • The jet impingement tests were performed for a special concrete of core-catcher. • The ablation rate and depth were measured 1.59 mm/s and 4.33 mm, respectively. • The experimental results were estimated well between the model prediction bounds. • The material ablation was described reasonably by a convective heat transfer model. - Abstract: Jet impingement experiments were performed to investigate the ablation characteristics of special concrete, which has been developed as one of the candidate protecting materials for the EU-APR1400 ex-vessel core catcher. In order to simulate the jet impingement phenomenon owing to the reactor vessel failure during a severe core meltdown accident, the experimental facility was established and the experimental conditions were determined based on parametric studies. The special concrete specimen was manufactured in accordance with the standard procedures, and its microstructures and physicochemical properties were analyzed to verify the requirements for the qualification. An induction melting technique in a cold crucible was employed to generate the zirconium-dioxide melt as a simulant of the corium melt. The special concrete was ablated uniformly over the impact area by jet impingement, and the average ablation depth was measured to be 4.33 mm. The average ablation rate in depth was evaluated as 1.59 mm/s using the temperature measurements of the specimen. As compared with the predictions by the models based on the convective and radiative heat transfer analysis, both the measured ablation rate and depth were estimated appropriately within the bounds of their limits. However, the convective heat transfer model turned out to predict the ablation characteristics of the special concrete more reasonably during the jet impingement even though some water content within the special concrete could lead to a sudden generation of the steam layer through which the material ablation is attenuated substantially by the radiative heat transfer