Technology Development for the US/DOE CRWMS

It has long been United States Government (USG) policy to actively support nuclear nonproliferation efforts, as evinced in the 1970 US ratification of the Nuclear I Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and the 1978 US Voluntary Treaty with the IAEA (INFCIRC/288). Under INFCIRC 288, US facilities without direct national security involvement are eligible for International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. Throughout the past decade, the IAEA has selected one or two US facilities for implementation of IAEA safeguards at a given time. The facilities selected have generally been those which allowed the IAEA to test new or advanced safeguards techniques, facilities which were prototypical or similar to other nuclear facilities which they will have to safeguard in other countries, or facilities which have been engaged in international commerce in nuclear materials. The US is now actively addressing issues of the interim and permanent disposal of nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel -- the back end of the open US nuclear fuel cycle. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) of 1982 designated the US Department of Energy (DOE) to be responsible for the long term storage and isolation from the biosphere of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste (HLW) and created the DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) to develop, construct, and manage the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System (CRWMS). Refinements to the NWPA occurred in 1987 in the Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1987. CRWMS facilities will be eligible for IAEA safeguards. They are likely to be selected because they will be among the first SNF and HLW disposal operations worldwide