A study on the fluid refrigerant charge in a two-phase mechanically pumped loop system using R134a and R1234yf

Highlights: • An experimental study of mass charge for TMPL system using R134a and R1234yf. • The effect of major flow parameters on mass charge for TMPL systems was discussed. • The effect of void fraction correlations on the calculation of mass charge for TMPL system was evaluated. -- Abstract: Heat management by means of two-phase mechanically pumped loop (TMPL) possesses promising advantages such as long-distance heat transport, high heat density and good temperature control. Knowledge of the fluid charge has great importance for TMPL system efficiency. The present work is a theoretical/experimental study on the refrigerant charge in TMPL system using R134a and R1234yf refrigerants. The mass of refrigerant in the TMPL system was measured for several cooling capacities. The effects of vapor quality in the evaporator (varying from 0.1 to 1), mass flux (300 kg s⁻¹ m⁻² and 400 kg s⁻¹ m⁻²), and saturation temperature (25 °C and 30 °C) on refrigerant charge in the TMPL were experimentally investigated. About 70 experimental points were analyzed and compared with a theoretical model employing eight different prediction tools for the determination of the void fraction. The best results were obtained by Zivi and Hughmark correlations with mean absolute errors of 12% and 13%, respectively.