A demonstration of advanced nuclear fuel cycle transparency concepts

Future nuclear energy systems are studied and discussed actively in international frameworks such as Generation IV International Forum (GIF), International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), and the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) proposed by US. In order for this system to be accepted by international communities, the proposed nuclear energy system should be highly safe and proliferation resistant. In other words, the deployed nuclear facilities should keep the accident risk and proliferation risk low and at acceptable levels during the entire facility lifetime. In this regard, maintaining transparency among nation-states and international communities is a critical key for the future global deployment of nuclear fuel cycles. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC), which is the forerunner of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), have been developing a 'Nuclear Transparency Framework' concept known as Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle Transparency Concept since 2003. This concept can provide an environment in which to exchange scientific and technological information regarding nuclear material and technology to ensure their safe and legitimate use. For a variety of reasons, nuclear facilities are becoming increasingly automated and will require minimum manual operation. A framework that monitors process information continuously can lead to greater transparency of nuclear fuel cycle activities and can demonstrate the ability of proliferation resistance associated with these activities. In 2005, SNL and JNC/JAEA entered a cooperative program to demonstrate a methodology for assessing proliferation risk in support of overall plant transparency. The Advanced Fuel Cycle Transparency Framework Concept was developed, and is being implemented at the Fuel Handling Training Model designed for 'Monju', prototype Fast Reactor at the International Nuclear Information and Training Center (ITC) of Tsuruga Head Office. 'Monju' is a fully automated facility and the training model reproduces the entire Monju fuel handling process. Process data from the training model is collected in a secure database at the ITC. This information is then transmitted via an encrypted Virtual Private Network, where SNL analysts examine the data using the Transparency Software. The software compares real-time activity interpreted from the process data against declared, legitimate activity. Any anomalous signals or undeclared activity would then generate an alert or an increase in the proliferation potential and risk. Transparency Framework Functionality. This concept will expand the capabilities of transparency systems by providing the means for real-time monitoring and analysis of proliferation potentials and risk. Such a system could contribute significantly to international agreements between nation-states and the IAEA, providing for the safe deployment of future nuclear fuel cycles. This paper will describe the concept, implementation plan, and status of the project and exhibit progress towards the first demonstration of the system