Stable configurations of confined cold ionic systems

The simple structures formed by charged particles confined in a harmonic potential have been investigated and the configurations of minimum potential energy were identified. For fewer than 12 particles these form polyhedrons centered on the origin. For structures with 13-22 particles one sits in the middle, for 23-26 particles two are in the interior, etc., until a third shell starts forming at 60. When the isotropy of the trap is changed, distortions and discrete phase changes are seen. These structures should correspond to one formed in ion traps at very low temperatures