Nonlinear electrodynamics of electrons in a quasi-one-dimensional ballistic ring

We consider ballistic electron motion in a quasi-one-dimensional ring under the uniform high-frequency electric field induced by an electromagnetic field. The electron satisfies a nonlinear equation of motion which is formally identical to that for a pendulum with a vibrating suspension point. The averaging method of Kapitza is used. The electromagnetic emission spectrum is calculated. The spectrum consists of low-frequency radiation, scattered radiation at the incident radiation frequency and combination scattered radiation; the intensities and frequencies of all components depend nonlinearly on the incident radiation frequency. At a certain value of that intensity the spontaneous symmetry breakdown occurs. As a result, the system acquires some static electric dipole moment. (author)