Investigation of flame-retarded poly(butylene succinate) composites using MHSH as synergistic and reinforced agent

Magnesium hydroxide sulfate whisker (MHSH) was used as flame-retarded synergistic agent of intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and to prepare flame-retarded PBS composites. The mechanical performance and flame-retardant properties of composites were investigated. Experimental data showed that an appropriate MHSH loading favored the mechanical performance and flame-retardant properties of composites. When IFR and MHSH loadings were 23 and 2 wt%, respectively, the limited oxygen index value of 39.8% and UL-94 V0 rate of composite could be achieved. The tensile strength increased by 33.3% in comparison with that of composite only prepared by 25 wt% IFR. XRD analysis indicated that the addition of MHSH significantly increased the crystallization of composites. FT-IR analysis demonstrated that P–O–Mg–O–P bonds could be generated during pyrolysis process. TG and cone calorimeter analyses both indicated that the incorporation of MHSH and IFR lowered the flammability of composites by limiting heat and mass transfer. Based on the experimental and analyses data, especially the SEM analysis, possible mechanism was proposed. The combustion products of MHSH and IFR provided a flame shield during combustion process. MHSH played a reinforcement effect in the shield. A more stable three-dimensional intumescent charred layer could not only effectually prevent the melt from dripping but also hinder the diffusion of oxygen and heat into the interior substrate.