Bipolar Gravity

Full text: We present arguments that matter and antimatter repel each other (MAR). The following issues, which are considered fundamental problems in current cosmology, find a natural explanation by assuming MAR: Baryogenesis, the imbalance of matter and antimatter (which is assumed to be missing); Accelerated cosmic expansion derived from new supernova distance measurements; Flatness problem, the instability of a flat Friedmann universe; Horizon problem, the difficulty to account for the high isotropy of the cosmic microwave background. Purely static arguments are presented, that show that a theory on the level of geometry, i.e. Einstein's equations of gravity, is incomplete. It misses a two-valued degree of freedom, which allows to distinguish between matter and antimatter. A consequence is that radiation does not gravitate. Calculations on a lattice model for the universe are presented, that show that missing forces, which are currently explained by 'dark matter', arise quite naturally in a MAR universe. The development of the universe presents itself as a continued symmetric phase separation between matter and antimatter. In the early universe, gravitation plays no role because radiation does not gravitate as well as a balanced mixture of matter and antimatter. (author)