Variable speed of light cosmology, primordial fluctuations and gravitational waves

A variable speed of light (VSL) cosmology is described in which the causal mechanism of generating primordial perturbations is achieved by varying the speed of light in a primordial epoch. This yields an alternative to inflation for explaining the formation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the large scale structure (LSS) of the universe. The initial value horizon and flatness problems in cosmology are solved. The model predicts primordial scalar and tensor fluctuation spectral indices n_s = 0.96 and n_t = - 0.04, respectively. We make use of the δN formalism to identify signatures of primordial nonlinear fluctuations, and this allows the VSL model to be distinguished from inflationary models. In particular, we find that the parameter f_NL = 5 in the variable speed of light cosmology. The value of the parameter g_NL evolves during the primordial era and shows a running behavior. (orig.)